ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Rapid detection of influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can be achieved by having rapid molecular point of care tests (POCTs). This expedites the diagnosis attributed by having similar clinical presentations leading to facilitation of precision medicine and reduction of antimicrobial resistance. The growing number of POCTs foster the need to ensure that these POCTs have satisfactory and reliable performance. With that the aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of rapid molecular POCT regarded as ‘X’ for the detection of Influenza viruses and RSV in comparison to multiplex PCR. Methods: A laboratory-based study was conducted from January to December 2020 which involved analysis of 116 nasopharyngeal swabs, tested using POCT X and multiplex PCR as a method of reference. The performance analysis incorporated the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicted values determination. The cycle threshold values were reviewed for discordant results. Results: The POCT X demonstrated sensitivity of 88.57% with 100% specificity for Influenza A virus, and 85.71% of sensitivity with 100% specificity for influenza B virus detection. Meanwhile it revealed 100% sensitivity and specificity for RSV detection. There were ten specimens demonstrating discordant results whereby viruses were not detected by POCT X, however detected by multiplex PCR. The POCT X was not able to detect eight (12.9%) and two (16.7%) influenza A and B viruses respectively. Conclusion: The overall performance of POCT X was corresponded to multiplex PCR. This best served as a steadfast ancillary test for influenza and RSV infection.
ABSTRACT
Aims: The aim of this research is to explore the presence of multidrug-resistance (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from hospitalized patients in a tertiary-care center, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia and to compare their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Methodology and results: Clonal relationships were determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and biofilm forming ability was evaluated by using 2, 3 - bis (2 - methoxy - 4 - nitro - 5-sulfophenyl) - 5 - [(phenylamino) carbonyl] - 2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) reduction assay in microplates and Congo red agar method (CRA). Four virulence genes coding for A. baumannii pilus usher-chaperone assembly protein, csuE gene; outer membrane protein, ompA gene; biofilm poly-β-1, 6-Nacetylglucosamine (PNAG) synthesis protein, pgaA gene; and acinetobactin-mediated iron acquisition protein, bauA gene were searched for in a collection of strains. Antimicrobial resistance against 11 antibiotics were studied by broth microdilution method. Seventeen A. baumannii clinical strains were isolated and MLST showed that the strains belonged to 5 distinct sequence types (STs), namely, ST-6, ST-265, ST-324, ST-325 and ST-432. Fiftythree percent of the strains were resistant to 4 or more antibiotics. Twelve strains produced biofilm and out of them, 4 were strong biofilm producer, besides, these strong biofilm producers were MDR strains and belongs to ST-6. In addition, all strains were ompA positive, biofilm producing strains were csuE and pgaA positive and only strong biofilm producing strains were bauA positive. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Our study demonstrates that the ST-6 strains in Malaysia could represent MDR, capable of forming strong biofilm and possess csuE, ompA, pgaA and bauA genes, virulence characteristics that probably help the bacteria to persist and cause infection.